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Commenting on Tims post about the second article, I do agree with you that the best teachers are who truly engage with the students and their interests. I feel like this would be so obvious when being a teacher, but from my own personal it seems it is harder for teachers to actually do this than not. It is great to hear that you do try to connect with your interns and their goals so they aren’t so lost in these hard years of schooling. As I am only in undergrad but am too online, I cant imagine your level off schooling online listening to lectures and videos. I would imagine it would make these effective teaching habits even more difficult.
Question #1: Dr. Burdick describes qualities of effective programming and global collaboration. What barriers exist to expansion of faculty development programming in LMIC (low and middle income) settings?
The article states that challenges are all very similar across LMIC settings. Some of these challenges included underestimation of personnel effort needed, variation in academic cultures and incentives. Communities that are built to teach leadership, management, and educational practices that align with local needs leads to successful international collaborations. These skills would maintain alignment with the communities local needs, avoid persistent dependency, and develop trust globally and locally. Building these communities come with more potential barriers such as financial, language barriers, and culture differences.
Question #2: Which habit of exemplary clinical teaching is translatable to education in LMIC (low and middle income) settings? Can you provide an example of effective implementation from your own experience?
A teachers job is to help the learners grow, for the most affective learning experience for both the teacher and student, the teacher must be an active interventionist and the student but be an active listener. There are 8 teaching habits talked about in this article and although 1 strategic goal may be translatable to education in LMIC, all 8 habits would make the clinical teaching exemplary. I dont necessarily have an example from a teachers point of view, but during my training at Truman I felt I was an active listener trying to absorb all the information and adapt to the new environment while always being generous and caring.
Question 1: What prevention interventions could best help reduce consequences of complex humanitarian emergencies?
Complex humanitarian emergencies often involve social, medical, and political issues. There were three key preventative interventions stated in the article – strengthening community health systems, the expense funding problems arise and the investment needed for healthcare workers to improve their health outcomes, and a change in policy making that allows for a better learning process and reform.
Question 2: Why, in your opinion, is disaster prevention minimized in comparison with disaster response?
Second link not working.Q1: What actions are most important to improve global nutrition?
As stated in the article, the first step is giving nutrition the attention it deserves. Nutrition is a spectrum of topics including food security, agriculture, ecosystems, etc, it is not just about being under- or over-weight. One action could possibly be to reduce the global greenhouse gas emissions of agriculture that directly affects the production and output of crops. With the estimated decrease in crop production, a threat to food insecurity arises. So addressing the agriculture problem would inadvertently (or even intentially) address food security. Nutrition can not be improved in just one area because there are so many factors that come into play as discussed. The Sustainable Development Goals brings awareness to these different factors and threats, but globally as a community we must continue to research and work together to ensure not just one aspect of nutrition is improved, but all.Q2: In your opinion, what are today’s greatest obstacles to progress in global health?
In my opinion, today’s greatest obstacles to progress in global health also include a wide spectrum of topics. As improving nutrition involves different factors, challenges in global in health involve different aspects of health from child undernutrition to high cholesterol to healthcare inequality. It is hard to pin point one problem. Underprivileged communities face malnutrition, food insecurity, and lack resources as I have seen just working at Truman Hospital and is also true globally, like in Honduras; While communities that are more privileged have the opposite of problems such as having too much food security that these communities actually face obesity problems. Climate change and agriculture problems are relevant to both types of communities because these problems can limit food security. High blood pressure, which also involves diet, is another obstacle globally. Although this topic may not be “global”, mental health has also become an obstacle especially in my own community – just another topic thats important to address.#1:Problems I have observed in the application of statistical information are inaccurate reporting of the statistical test performed and not having the proper knowledge to apply the statistical information which could be due to insufficient training regarding biostatistics and how to analyze and test data.
#2: In my opinion, the steps necessary to improve use of reliable statistics in my own profession is number one the proper training to not only gather but interpret the data. It is important to know how to collect data in an accurate and effective way to ensure you are obtaining the most reliable data. Once the reliable data is obtain, organize and analyze it to figure out the relationships present.
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#1: The strongest defense for causation is the strength of association. As stated a stronger association between the cause and the effect is more causal than a weak association between the two. I think this because the outcome will determine whether or not there is a causal relationship and then from there you can go on with further testing on the cause and outcome if such association exists.#1: One way drinking behavior can confound the measurement of disease status and treatment is when people limit their alcohol intake when they encounter a health problem. Such as in the article where it says peoples actions are influenced by their health status, it makes it impossible to identify which results on drinking are being manipulated by confounders.
#2: I think the proposed simple test to identify confounded epidemiology studies is to apply randomization, if randomization cant be used the non-stratified exposed-to-unexposed risk ratio produces a biased estimate leading to the detection of the confounders. The confounding effect will be blocked if stratification of confounding effects is performed correctly and if it is not there will be no confounding effect and can also lead to detection of the confounders.Question 1: Some current problems with collecting reliable information about health status include not being able to distinguish at-risk patients from disease incidences, demographic variations and distinguishing between them, and incorrect information received that could lead to improper diagnosis or treatment.
Question 2: In my opinion, some potential advantages of passive electronic health monitors could be population measurement and figuring out the best care route with the information being recorded on a daily basis. With more information (regarding health status) on the patient, you are able to what is helping or not helping their condition and then essentially be able to use that information for future patients. I think a disadvantage would be affordability in the lower income populations, how would they be able to upkeep these devices if they can barely support themselves. Another disadvantage could be the device malfunction, not recording correctly would lead to not being provided the actual health status of the patient.Question #1: The concepts of epidemics must be changed so that our management becomes more effective by several ways. An integrated cycle of preparation, response, and recovery is crucial. This new cycle would be more than just epidemiology, but social science issues as well. The overall goal of these changes is to prevent another epidemic from occurring and if one does happen have an effective action plan regarding treatment and recovery.
Question #2: The disciplines needed to be better integrated to create improved prevention and response to disease involve transforming the training of future epidemiologists to become better equipped at handling epidemics. This new training would allow these workers to have the skills, knowledge, and networks to be able effectively recognize an epidemic, treat, and prevent another crisis in the future.