[Jasleen Kaur]

Hi Edwin,

I agree with you that it is often difficult to take part in education when most of the middle and low-income community are working either working from check to check and have little to no savings so they cannot afford to drop shifts at their jobs or afford to pay for the tuition, fees, and materials that one would need for the programs even if some of that is already provided, many people cannot even make their monthly bills. I like your approach to this issue by proposing to provide the education online which could be done whenever convenient for the learner and if materials are provided online in a PDF format (free) it would solve that issue as well.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Question #1: Dr. Burdick describes qualities of effective programming and global collaboration. What barriers exist to the expansion of faculty development programming in LMIC (low and middle income) settings?
Some barriers that exist are awareness of these program by the people in the community as well as sponsors, slow processing or ineffective time management (if programs aren’t pushed out quickly and effectively they can often be glanced over), not creating an individualized plan for people in these settings that do participate to encourage them to come back and spread the word about the program to their peers, and also funding for these programs.

Question #2: Which habit of exemplary clinical teaching is translatable to education in LMIC (low and middle income) settings? Can you provide an example of effective implementation from your own experience?
I particularly liked the section the article talked about that focused on talking out loud. The article mentioned that many incompetent teachers say things off the top of their head which can often confuse the students and prevent the proper relay of information, instead, they suggested thinking out loud which can convey the teachers thought process, the student can observe the thought process and see what is going through their head instead of trying to guess how the teacher came to that conclusion. This is very effective as observational learning can increase the absorption of information greatly as the student does not have to worry about unnecessary things.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Nilda,
I agree with you that increasing vaccine coverage is essential in helping to prevent disasters in disaster-prone communities/countries especially ones that can be easily prevented with a low-cost vaccine.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Question 1: What prevention interventions could best help reduce the consequences of complex humanitarian emergencies?
Disaster prevention interventions that could best help reduce the consequences of complex humanitarian emergencies could include

Question 2: Why, in your opinion, is disaster prevention minimized in comparison with disaster response?
I think that disaster prevention is minimized in comparison with disaster response for a couple of reasons. First, it is hard to outright prevent a disaster, especially natural ones like earthquakes, tornados, and floods. Second, there are a limited number of aid-relief resources and personnel/volunteers even if we could prevent a disaster, our resources would be spread thin and there would be no way of knowing if a disaster would even occur. When a disaster does occur we can pool our resources and manpower to that location(s).

[Jasleen Kaur]

Hi Edwin,
I agree with you and think that making higher quality preventative care is a much more feasible option than letting the disease take effect first and then work harder to treat someone than what would have been required to simply prevent it from happening altogether.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Question 1: What additional elements would be necessary for universal health coverage to be effective?
In order for universal health coverage to be effective, we could try to implement new payment and regulatory reforms, such as go from paying for services to paying for outcomes. This, of course, may take a long time to implement and not everyone would be on board with this but I think it is a great way to ensure value-based care.

Question 2: What is the most appropriate role for community health workers in your particular community of interest?
I think that community health workers could positively influence my local community by educating them on hot topics as of late. With this pandemic at large, a lot of people still refuse to wear masks, social distance, isolate themselves even if they have the ability to. It is easy to get frustrated since it has almost been a year of the same situation; however, it won’t get better if not everyone is on board. I think that by educating the general public on why we have implemented these pandemic containment precautions then I feel that they may be more willing to follow regulations.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Nilda,
I agree with you that in order to make short-term healthcare trips it would be more effective to partner with local healthcare teams and organizations as well as recruiting volunteers from the local area. It is important for someone to keep up with the work that was done during the trip after the trip has ended and what better way to do that than to have the locals themselves look after it.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Question 1: What actions can healthcare providers take to decrease cross-cultural barriers?
I think that some measures that healthcare providers can take to decrease cross-cultural barriers include having language interpreters, hospital-provided education of basic cultural norms of cultures that are prominent in that area, or just common prominent cultures in general. Self-study is always a good thing as well as interacting with those of a different culture for the sake of learning about their culture, this also helps to understand other people better. Personally, I love when people ask about my ethnicity and my culture, there is nothing wrong with wanting to learn more about someone and their heritage.

Question 2: Describe how short-term healthcare trips came become more effective.
I think some ways that short-term healthcare trips can be more effective is being able to leave the effects of the trip even after the trip is over. This can be achieved by educating the local population about what that particular trip was about and how the community can benefit from advice from healthcare professionals. Short-term trips can also be more effective if we can follow up with the community of that trip by providing essential resources and sending a delegate to check up on the status of the community and if possible organizing multiple short-term healthcare trips.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Victoria, I like that you took into consideration the shortage of agricultural means. It is pertinent that we protect our farmlands and incorporate fields even to places that naturally could not thrive in such conditions in countries/communities that do not have enough nutritional output through the use of genetically modified crops, making it so that these crops can survive in areas where they are most needed rather than transporting food over a long distance which can spoil fresh foods.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Question 1: What actions are most important to improve global nutrition?
Global nutrition is a huge issue that cannot be solved with just a few steps, if it could be then it would have been by now. There are many issues such as ensuring that every child learns basic proper nutrition and learn how to eat from a young age, as well as making a societal norm to eat healthily and to enjoy eating healthy. I have seen, especially where I live in America, that when people see someone eating healthy and caring for their body they often give them an uncalled-for glare or grimace. Another approach that is necessary is that we are depleting our farmlands, whether that be due to natural infertile soils or industrializing farming lands, it is pertinent that we protect and even increase our farming efforts.

Question 2: In your opinion, what are today’s greatest obstacles to progress in global health?
I think the issue of global health should be seen more as each country’s national health, this is because each country has different priorities when it comes to global health. Different nations also have different resources that they have to allocate. I think it is best to target the countries that are doing poorest in this circumstance, see what their resources and national public priorities are, and take it from there as it can differ nation to nation.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Hi Victoria,
I like your thoughts on implementing education-based programs and I like your consideration about taking the culture of the area into consideration as well as understanding that the program should be able to be easily taught but also provide effective results. I also agree with you that WASH and nutrition promotion work hand in hand as nutrition promotion is not effective if the ingestion of the nutritious food is not sanitary which can do more harm than good.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Question 1: What actions should be taken, in your view, to increase the availability of basic newborn resuscitation in low-resource communities?

I think some good things that need to be implemented in order to increase the availability of basic newborn resuscitation in low-resource communities include educating volunteers and professionals on site about newborn resuscitation and newborn resuscitation training programs that these people can take to better equip them to deal with difficult situations.

Question 2: What is the mechanism, in your opinion, through which WASH and promotion of nutrition complement one another?
I think that the mechanism through which WASH and promotion of nutrition complement one another because it promotes sanitation and safe eating and promotion of nutrition compliments this as nutritious eating is important but may not be as beneficial if the food is not safe. If one is eating healthy that is good but if the food is contaminated then the person eating the food will fall ill, defeating much of the purpose of eating well.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Hi Edwin,

I agree with you that pregnant women are a vulnerable population, to begin with, and a conflict-ridden area only makes their situation more difficult than it needs to be, restricting them from accessing essential healthcare in different ways. You also have some great ideas on how to protect women better in these conditions.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Question 1: What do you believe are the most direct impacts of conflict upon the health of pregnant women?
I think the most direct impacts on the health of pregnant women is physical safety as well as emotional security. In places where there is conflict, there is most likely a race for resources so it is probably difficult to obtain food and other resources that are needed for a healthy pregnancy. It is also probably difficult to be able to reach a clean delivery area whether that be a hospital, clinic or anywhere else. In many areas of the world women are still seen as less valuable than men so that increases the burden of being able to stay in physical shape, this also leads to mental distress as those who are pregnant may begin to wonder if they will live through such a hard time, if their child will be born healthily and if that will last long.

Question 2: Question 2: In your opinion, how should maternal healthcare be best expanded to protect women throughout their lives?
I think one way to improve protection of women is to educate everyone on the female body, the anatomy, changes in pregnancy, hormone fluctuations as women experience changing hormones on a daily basis and other aspects of women’s health as well. The best way to get someone to become more sympathetic and considerate of others is through the knowledge of what that person may be going through. In doing this the hope is that more people will be more apt to being considerate towards pregnant women who are pregnant as well as those who are not pregnant. In school I remember being taught all about the male anatomy but we hardly ever covered the basics of female anatomy and hormonal fluctuations. My mother, who was born and bred in India asked me, at the age of 45, why menstrual cramps hurt so much. I was shocked to find out that schools in India (not all of course) do not teach children anything about the human reproductive system. The people of the world have a long way to go in understanding each other better.

[Jasleen Kaur]

Hi Nilda,

I like how for the first question you responded with a lot of great explanations as to what is preventing us from controlling HIV better worldwide. After reading your discussion post I feel that there are so many different areas that need to be tackled and seems improbable to fix them all. I think if we tackle the main things with the relatively low cost it can be managed better such as more exposure to the general public to get rid of the HIV stigma so that people can ask for help more easily and also encourage people to get tested if they have had multiple partners or a partner who has been exposed to HIV as well as educating the people about the basics of transmission prevention.

[Author]

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